如果你也在 怎样代写有限元方法finite differences method 这个学科遇到相关的难题,请随时右上角联系我们的24/7代写客服。有限元方法finite differences method在数值分析中,是一类通过用有限差分逼近导数解决微分方程的数值技术。空间域和时间间隔(如果适用)都被离散化,或被分成有限的步骤,通过解决包含有限差分和附近点的数值的代数方程来逼近这些离散点的解的数值。
有限元方法finite differences method有限差分法将可能是非线性的常微分方程(ODE)或偏微分方程(PDE)转换成可以用矩阵代数技术解决的线性方程系统。现代计算机可以有效地进行这些线性代数计算,再加上其相对容易实现,使得FDM在现代数值分析中得到了广泛的应用。今天,FDM与有限元方法一样,是数值解决PDE的最常用方法之一。
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数学代写|有限元方法作业代写finite differences method代考|Postprocessing of the Solution
Once the boundary conditions are imposed, the resulting (condensed) equations are solved for the unknown generalized nodal displacements. The generalized forces can be computed using the condensed equations for the unknown reactions. However, this is seldom the case in practice, because the assembled equations are modified to solve for the unknown primary variables (i.e., generalized displacements). Therefore, the generalized forces are
computed using the known displacement field.
The solution $w_h^e$ and its slope $\theta_x^e$ in each element $\Omega^e=\left(x_a^e, x_a^e\right)$ are given by
$$
w_h^e(\bar{x})=\sum_{j=1}^4 \Delta_j^e \phi_j^e(\bar{x}), \quad \theta_x^e(x)=-\frac{d w_h^e}{d x}=-\sum_{j=1}^4 \Delta_j^e \frac{d \phi_j^e}{d \bar{x}}, 0 \leq \bar{x} \leq h_e
$$
The bending moment $M$ and shear force $V$ at any point in the element $\Omega^e$ of the beam can be post-computed from the finite element solution $w_h^e(\bar{x}), 0 \leq \bar{x} \leq h_e$, using
$$
\begin{aligned}
& M_h^e(\bar{x})=-E_e I_e \frac{d^2 w_h^e}{d \bar{x}^2} \approx-E_e I_e \sum_{j=1}^4 \Delta_j^e \frac{d^2 \phi_j^e}{d \bar{x}^2} \
& V_h^e(\bar{x})=-\frac{d}{d \bar{x}}\left(E_e I_e \frac{d^2 w_h^e}{d \bar{x}^2}\right) \approx-\frac{d}{d \bar{x}}\left(E_e I_e \sum_{j=1}^4 \Delta_j^e \frac{d^2 \phi_j^e}{d \bar{x}^2}\right)
\end{aligned}
$$
数学代写|有限元方法作业代写finite differences method代考|Beams with internal hinge
It is not uncommon to find beams with an internal hinge about which the beam is free to rotate. Thus, at the hinge there cannot be any moment and the rotation is not continuous at a hinge between two elements (i.e., two elements connected at a hinge will have two different rotations). The assembly of element equations becomes simple if we eliminate the rotation variable at a node with a hinge.
Consider a uniform beam element of length $h_e$ with a hinge at node 2 (but without elastic foundation, $k_f=0$ ), as shown in Fig. 5.2.17(a). The element equation is given by Eq. (5.2.25), with the stiffness matrix given in Eq. $(5.2 .26 a):$
$$
\frac{2 E_e I_e}{h_e^3}\left[\begin{array}{cccc}
6 & -3 h_e & -6 & -3 h_e \
-3 h_e & 2 h_e^2 & 3 h_e & h_e^2 \
-6 & 3 h_e & 6 & 3 h_e \
-3 h_e & h_e^2 & 3 h_e & 2 h_e^2
\end{array}\right]\left{\begin{array}{c}
w_1^e \
\theta_1^e \
w_2^e \
\theta_2^e
\end{array}\right}=\left{\begin{array}{l}
q_1^e \
q_2^e \
q_3^e \
q_4^e
\end{array}\right}+\left{\begin{array}{l}
Q_1^e \
Q_2^e \
Q_3^e \
Q_4^e
\end{array}\right}
$$
Since the moment at a hinge is zero, we have $Q_4^e=0$. This allows us to eliminate $\theta_2^e$ (rotation at node 2) using the procedure discussed in Eqs. $(3.4 .57)-(3.4 .61)$
Comparing Eq. (5.2.39) with Eq. (3.4.57), we have the following definitions:
$$
\begin{gathered}
\mathbf{K}^{11}=\frac{2 E_e I_e}{h_e^3}\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
6 & -3 h_e & -6 \
-3 h_e & 2 h_e^2 & 3 h_e \
-6 & 3 h_e & 6
\end{array}\right], \quad \mathbf{K}^{12}=\frac{2 E_e I_e}{h_e^3}\left{\begin{array}{c}
-3 h_e \
h_e^2 \
3 h_e
\end{array}\right}=\left(\mathbf{K}^{21}\right)^{\mathrm{T}} \
\mathbf{K}^{22}=\frac{4 E_e I_e}{h_e}, \quad \mathbf{U}^1=\left{\begin{array}{c}
w_1^e \
\theta_1^e \
w_2^2
\end{array}\right}, \quad \mathbf{U}^2=\theta_2^e, \quad \mathbf{F}^1=\left{\begin{array}{c}
q_1^e \
q_2^e \
q_3^e
\end{array}\right}+\left{\begin{array}{c}
Q_1^e \
Q_2^e \
Q_3^e
\end{array}\right}
\end{gathered}
$$
有限元方法代写
数学代写|有限元方法作业代写finite differences method代考|Postprocessing of the Solution
一旦施加边界条件,则求解未知广义节点位移的结果(浓缩)方程。广义力可以用未知反应的简化方程来计算。然而,在实践中很少出现这种情况,因为组合方程被修改以求解未知的主要变量(即广义位移)。因此,广义力
用已知位移场计算。
每个单元$\Omega^e=\left(x_a^e, x_a^e\right)$的解$w_h^e$及其斜率$\theta_x^e$由
$$
w_h^e(\bar{x})=\sum_{j=1}^4 \Delta_j^e \phi_j^e(\bar{x}), \quad \theta_x^e(x)=-\frac{d w_h^e}{d x}=-\sum_{j=1}^4 \Delta_j^e \frac{d \phi_j^e}{d \bar{x}}, 0 \leq \bar{x} \leq h_e
$$给出
梁的$\Omega^e$单元中任意点的弯矩$M$和剪力$V$可由有限元解$w_h^e(\bar{x}), 0 \leq \bar{x} \leq h_e$后算,使用
$$
\begin{aligned}
& M_h^e(\bar{x})=-E_e I_e \frac{d^2 w_h^e}{d \bar{x}^2} \approx-E_e I_e \sum_{j=1}^4 \Delta_j^e \frac{d^2 \phi_j^e}{d \bar{x}^2} \
& V_h^e(\bar{x})=-\frac{d}{d \bar{x}}\left(E_e I_e \frac{d^2 w_h^e}{d \bar{x}^2}\right) \approx-\frac{d}{d \bar{x}}\left(E_e I_e \sum_{j=1}^4 \Delta_j^e \frac{d^2 \phi_j^e}{d \bar{x}^2}\right)
\end{aligned}
$$
数学代写|有限元方法作业代写finite differences method代考|Beams with internal hinge
找到具有内部铰链的梁并不罕见,梁可以围绕其自由旋转。因此,在铰链处不可能有任何力矩,两个元件之间的铰链处的旋转是不连续的(即在铰链处连接的两个元件会有两次不同的旋转)。如果我们消除带有铰链的节点上的旋转变量,单元方程的装配就会变得简单。
考虑长度为$h_e$的均匀梁单元,节点2处有铰(但不含弹性基础$k_f=0$),如图5.2.17(a)所示。单元方程由式(5.2.25)给出,其中刚度矩阵为式$(5.2 .26 a):$
$$
\frac{2 E_e I_e}{h_e^3}\left[\begin{array}{cccc}
6 & -3 h_e & -6 & -3 h_e \
-3 h_e & 2 h_e^2 & 3 h_e & h_e^2 \
-6 & 3 h_e & 6 & 3 h_e \
-3 h_e & h_e^2 & 3 h_e & 2 h_e^2
\end{array}\right]\left{\begin{array}{c}
w_1^e \
\theta_1^e \
w_2^e \
\theta_2^e
\end{array}\right}=\left{\begin{array}{l}
q_1^e \
q_2^e \
q_3^e \
q_4^e
\end{array}\right}+\left{\begin{array}{l}
Q_1^e \
Q_2^e \
Q_3^e \
Q_4^e
\end{array}\right}
$$
由于铰处弯矩为零,我们得到$Q_4^e=0$。这允许我们使用公式中讨论的过程消除$\theta_2^e$(节点2的旋转)。$(3.4 .57)-(3.4 .61)$
将Eq.(5.2.39)与Eq.(3.4.57)进行比较,我们得到以下定义:
$$
\begin{gathered}
\mathbf{K}^{11}=\frac{2 E_e I_e}{h_e^3}\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
6 & -3 h_e & -6 \
-3 h_e & 2 h_e^2 & 3 h_e \
-6 & 3 h_e & 6
\end{array}\right], \quad \mathbf{K}^{12}=\frac{2 E_e I_e}{h_e^3}\left{\begin{array}{c}
-3 h_e \
h_e^2 \
3 h_e
\end{array}\right}=\left(\mathbf{K}^{21}\right)^{\mathrm{T}} \
\mathbf{K}^{22}=\frac{4 E_e I_e}{h_e}, \quad \mathbf{U}^1=\left{\begin{array}{c}
w_1^e \
\theta_1^e \
w_2^2
\end{array}\right}, \quad \mathbf{U}^2=\theta_2^e, \quad \mathbf{F}^1=\left{\begin{array}{c}
q_1^e \
q_2^e \
q_3^e
\end{array}\right}+\left{\begin{array}{c}
Q_1^e \
Q_2^e \
Q_3^e
\end{array}\right}
\end{gathered}
$$
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