经济代写|ECON2800 Labor Economics

The child care industry is a highly competitive industry, and child care workers are hired in a highly competitive labor market. There is a sizable Child Care Tax Credit, which lowers the taxes of those parents who put their children in (paid) child care while they (the parents) work.
a) Illustrate, on an $\mathrm{S} / \mathrm{D}$ graph, the effect of the tax credit on the price and quantity of child care in the short run.
b) Illustrate, on an S/D graph, the effect of the tax credit on wages and employment in the nursing market (many nurses require child care for their children while they are at work).
c) Illustrate, on an S/D graph, how the tax credit affects wages and employment in the child care industry.
d) An academic study (really) has found that the supply of child care workers is quite elastic. Re-draw your graph in part c), showing this elasticity in your graph. In percentage terms, which changes more as a result of the tax credit: the wages of child care workers, or the total number of child care workers employed?

Read the article from the New York Times, “Vet Debt,” and examine the graphs that accompany the article. Then answer the following questions.
a) Draw out a S/D graph to explain and interpret the information in the graphs that accompany the article.
b) If the market for veterinarians is perfectly competitive, how does the typical vet office decide what to pay its vets?
c) The excerpt indicates substantial unemployment among recent graduates from vet school. Interpret that in terms of the graph you just drew. At the time of this article, does the market for veterinarians appear to be in equilibrium, or not?
d) Dr. Schafer’s pay, as a vet, can be partly explained by the attractiveness of the job of veterinarian but also by the working conditions in the specific clinic where she is employed. Explain, and describe how each of these two things affects the amount that she is paid.

Explain, using Supply/Demand analysis, the effects of the following. For each, draw two graphs, one for the labor market (workers), and one for the output market (the product).
a) A machine is developed that harvests tomatoes mechanically (on the market for laborers, and the tomato market).
b) An economic contraction leads to a slowdown in housing construction (on the housing market, and the market for construction workers).
c) Oil is discovered in tar sands in Alberta, Canada (on the market for oil workers, and the oil market).
d) World War I kills a substantial fraction of the unskilled (primarily young) workers in the countries involved (on the market for low-skill labor, and for products made by low-skill labor).

Cotton production basically involves two types of jobs: planting/harvesting, done by farm laborers, and cleaning/milling, done by mill workers. Around 1820 , with the invention of improvements in the milling of cotton, such as the cotton gin, cotton production exploded. In 1950, with the invention of the mechanical cotton harvester, fewer farm laborers (or sharecroppers) were needed to harvest the cotton, further lowering the costs of production.
a) Consider the effect of the cotton gin on the demand for cotton farm laborers. Does demand increase or decrease? Is this because of a scale effect, a substitution effect, or both?
b) Consider the effect of the mechanical harvester on the demand for cotton farm laborers. Does demand increase or decrease? Is this because of a scale effect, a substitution effect, or both?
c ) Consider the effect of the cotton gin on the demand for mill workers. Does demand increase or decrease? Is this because of a scale effect, a substitution effect, or both?
d) Consider the effect of the mechanical harvester on the demand for mill workers. Does demand increase or decrease? Is this because of a scale effect, a substitution effect, or both?