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商科代写|市场营销作业代写Services Marketing代考|Customer Expectations of Service

如果你也在 怎样代写市场营销Services Marketing这个学科遇到相关的难题,请随时右上角联系我们的24/7代写客服。市场营销Services Marketing是一种通用的、静态类型的、纯函数式的编程语言,具有类型推理和懒惰评估的功能。Haskell的主要实现是Glasgow Haskell编译器(GHC)。它是以逻辑学家Haskell Curry的名字命名的。

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商科代写|市场营销作业代写Services Marketing代考|Customer Expectations of Service

商科代写|市场营销作业代写Services Marketing代考|IMPORTANCE OF CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS

Customer expectations are beliefs about service delivery that serve as standards, or reference points, against which performance is judged. Because customers compare their perceptions of performance with these reference points when evaluating service quality, thorough knowledge about customer expectations is critical to services marketers. Knowing what the customer expects is the first and possibly most critical step in delivering good-quality service. Being wrong about what customers want can mean losing a customer’s business when another company hits the target exactly. Being wrong can also mean expending money, time and other resources on things that do not matter to the customer. Being wrong can even mean not surviving in a fiercely competitive market.

Among the aspects of expectations that need to be explored and understood for successful services marketing are the following: what types of expectation standards do customers hold about services? What factors most influence the formation of these expectations? What role do these factors play in changing expectations? How can a service company meet or exceed customer expectations?

In this chapter we provide a framework for thinking about customer expectations. ${ }^{1}$ The chapter is divided into three main sections: (1) the meaning and types of expected service, (2) factors that influence customer expectations of service, and (3) current issues involving customer service expectations.

商科代写|市场营销作业代写Services Marketing代考|MEANING AND TYPES OF SERVICE EXPECTATIONS

To say that expectations are reference points against which service delivery is compared is only a beginning. The level of expectation can vary widely depending on the reference point the customer holds. Although almost everyone has an intuitive sense of what expectations are, service marketers need a far more thorough and clear definition of expectations if they are to comprehend, measure and manage them.
Imagine that you are planning to go to a restaurant. Figure $3.1$ shows a continuum along which different possible types of service expectations can be arrayed from low to high. On the left of the continuum are different types or levels of expectations, ranging from high (top) to low (bottom). At each point we give a name to the type of expectation, and illustrate what it might mean in terms of a restaurant you are considering. Note how important the expectation you hold will be to your eventual assessment of the restaurant’s performance. Suppose you went into the restaurant for which you held the minimum tolerable expectation, paid very little money and were served immediately with good food. Next suppose that you went to the restaurant for which you had the highest (ideal) expectations, paid a lot of money and were served good (but not fantastic) food. Which restaurant experience would you judge to be best? The answer is likely to depend a great deal on the reference point that you brought to the experience.

商科代写|市场营销作业代写Services Marketing代考|FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS OF SERVICE

Because expectations play such a critical role in customer evaluation of services, marketers need and want to understand the factors that shape them. Marketers would also like to have control over these factors as well, but many of the forces that influence customer expectations are uncontrollable. In this section, we try to separate the many influences on customer expectations.As shown in Figure 3.5, the two largest influences on desired service level are personal needs and philosophies about service. Personal needs, those states or conditions essential to the physical or psychological well-being of the customer, are pivotal factors that shape what customers desire in service. Personal needs can fall into many categories, including physical, social, psychological and functional. A cinema-goer who regularly goes to see films straight from work, and is therefore thirsty and hungry, hopes and desires that the food and drink counters at the cinema will have short queues and attentive staff, whereas a cinema-goer who regularly has dinner elsewhere has a low or zero level of desired service from the food and drink counters. A customer with high social and dependency needs may have relatively high,expectations for a hotel’s ancillary services, hoping, for example,that the hotel has a bar with live music and dancing.

商科代写|市场营销作业代写Services Marketing代考|Customer Expectations of Service

市场营销作业代写

商科代写|市场营销作业代写SERVICES MARKETING代考|IMPORTANCE OF CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS

客户期望是对作为标准或参考点的服务交付的信念,据此判断绩效。由于客户在评估服务质量时会将他们对绩效的看法与这些参考点进行比较,因此全面了解客户期望对服务营销人员来说至关重要。了解客户的期望是提供优质服务的第一步,也可能是最关键的一步。如果另一家公司准确地达到了目标,对客户的需求有误可能意味着失去客户的业务。错误也可能意味着将金钱、时间和其他资源花费在对客户无关紧要的事情上。犯错甚至可能意味着无法在竞争激烈的市场中生存。

成功的服务营销需要探索和理解的期望方面如下:客户对服务持有什么样的期望标准?哪些因素对这些预期的形成影响最大?这些因素在改变预期中起什么作用?服务公司如何满足或超越客户的期望?

在本章中,我们提供了一个思考客户期望的框架。1本章分为三个主要部分:1预期服务的含义和类型,2影响客户服务期望的因素,以及3当前涉及客户服务期望的问题。

商科代写|市场营销作业代写SERVICES MARKETING代考|MEANING AND TYPES OF SERVICE EXPECTATIONS

说期望是比较服务交付的参考点只是一个开始。根据客户持有的参考点,期望水平可能会有很大差异。尽管几乎每个人都对期望是什么有直观的认识,但服务营销人员如果要理解、衡量和管理期望,就需要对期望进行更彻底、更清晰的定义。
想象一下,你打算去一家餐馆。数字3.1显示了一个连续统一体,不同的可能类型的服务期望可以从低到高排列。连续统一体的左边是不同类型或水平的期望,从高吨这p低b这吨吨这米. 在每一点上,我们都会为期望类型命名,并说明它对您正在考虑的餐厅可能意味着什么。请注意您的期望对您最终评估餐厅绩效的重要性。假设你走进一家餐馆,你对这家餐馆抱有最低限度的期望,付了很少的钱,并立即得到了美味的食物。接下来假设你去了你吃得最多的餐厅一世d和一种l期望,付了很多钱,服务很好b在吨n这吨F一种n吨一种s吨一世C食物。您认为哪种餐厅体验最好?答案可能在很大程度上取决于您为体验带来的参考点。

商科代写|市场营销作业代写SERVICES MARKETING代考|FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS OF SERVICE

由于期望在客户对服务的评估中起着至关重要的作用,因此营销人员需要并且想要了解影响它们的因素。营销人员也希望能够控制这些因素,但许多影响客户期望的力量是无法控制的。在本节中,我们试图区分对客户期望的诸多影响。如图 3.5 所示,对期望服务水平的两个最大影响是个人需求和服务理念。个人需求,即对客户的身体或心理健康至关重要的状态或条件,是塑造客户对服务的期望的关键因素。个人需求可以分为许多类别,包括身体的、社会的、心理的和功能的。一个经常下班直接去看电影的电影观众,因此又渴又饿,希望并希望电影院的食品和饮料柜台排长队和细心的工作人员,而经常在其他地方吃晚餐的电影院观众对食物和饮料的期望服务水平很低或为零饮料柜台。具有较高社交和依赖需求的客户可能对酒店的辅助服务有较高的期望,例如,希望该酒店有一个酒吧,有现场音乐和舞蹈。

商科代写|市场营销作业代写Services Marketing代考

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