如果你也在 怎样代写会计accounting这个学科遇到相关的难题,请随时右上角联系我们的24/7代写客服。会计accounting是对经济实体,如企业和公司的财务和非财务信息的衡量、处理和交流。会计被称为 “商业语言”,衡量一个组织的经济活动的结果,并将这些信息传达给各种利益相关者,包括投资者、债权人、管理层和监管者。术语 “会计 “和 “财务报告 “经常被当作同义词使用。
会计accounting可以分为几个领域,包括财务会计、管理会计、税务会计和成本会计。财务会计侧重于向信息的外部用户,如投资者、监管者和供应商报告组织的财务信息,包括编制财务报表;而管理会计侧重于测量、分析和报告信息,供管理层内部使用。记录财务交易,以便在财务报告中提出财务摘要,被称为簿记,其中复式簿记是最常见的系统。 会计信息系统旨在支持会计功能和相关活动。
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会计代写|会计作业代写accounting代考|Budgeting for Raw Materials Inventory
There are two methods of developing the raw materials inventory budget. First, budget each important inventory item separately based on the production plan. Second, budget materials as a whole or classes of material, based on selected production factors. Practically all companies must use both approaches to some extent, although one or the other predominates. The former method is always preferable to the extent that it is practicable, because it allows quantities to be budgeted more precisely.
The following steps should be taken in budgeting the major individual items of raw materials:
- Determine the physical units of material required for each item of goods to be produced during the budget period.
- Accumulate these into total physical units of each material item required for the entire production plan.
- Determine for each item of material the quantity that should be on hand periodically to fulfill the production plan with a reasonable margin of safety.
- Deduct material inventories that are expected to be on hand at the beginning of the budget period to ascertain the total quantities to be purchased.
- Develop a purchasing plan that will ensure that the quantities will be on hand at the time they are needed. The purchasing plan must consider such factors as economically sized orders, economy of transportation, and margin of safety against delays.
- Test the resulting budgeted inventories by standard turnover rates.
- Translate the inventory and purchasing requirements into dollars by applying the expected prices of materials to budgeted quantities.
会计代写|会计作业代写accounting代考|Budgeting for Work-in-Process Inventory
The inventory of goods actually in process of production between stocking points can be best estimated by applying standard turnover rates to budgeted production. This may be expressed either in units of production or dollars and may be calculated for individual processes and departments or for the factory as a whole. The former is more accurate. To illustrate this procedure, assume the following inventory and production data for a particular process or department:
$\begin{array}{lll}\text { Process inventory estimated for January } 1 & 500 \text { units } & \text { (a) } \ \text { Production budgeted for month of January } & 1,200 \text { units } & \text { (b) } \ \text { Standard rate of turnover (per month) } & 4 \text { times } & \text { (c) } \ \text { Average value per unit of goods in this process } & \$ 10 & \end{array}$
With a standard turnover rate of four times per month, the average inventory should be 300 units (1,200 (4). To produce an average inventory of 300 units, the ending inventory should be 100 units:
$$
\frac{500+100}{2}=300
$$
Using the symbol X to denote the quantity to be budgeted as ending inventory, the following formula can be applied:
$$
X=-\frac{2 b}{c} a=\frac{2(1200)}{4}-500=100 \text { units }
$$
会计代写|会计作业代写ACCOUNTING代考|Budgeting for Finished Goods Inventory
The budget of finished goods inventory (or merchandise in the case of trading concerns) must be based on the sales budget. If, for example, it is expected that 500 units of item A will be sold during the budget period, it must be ascertained what number of units must be kept in stock to support such a sales program. It is seldom possible to predetermine the exact quantity that will be demanded by customers day by day. Some margin of safety must be maintained by means of the finished goods inventory so that satisfactory deliveries can be made. With this margin established, it is possible to develop a program of production or purchases whereby the stock will be replenished as needed.
会计作业代写
会计代写|会计作业代写ACCOUNTING代考|BUDGETING FOR RAW MATERIALS INVENTORY
制定原材料库存预算的方法有两种。首先,根据生产计划单独预算每个重要的库存项目。其次,根据选定的生产要素预算材料作为整体或材料类别。实际上,所有公司都必须在一定程度上使用这两种方法,尽管其中一种占主导地位。在可行的范围内,前一种方法总是更可取,因为它可以更精确地预算数量。
在对原材料的主要单项进行预算时,应采取以下步骤:
- 确定预算期内要生产的每件商品所需的材料物理单位。
- 将这些累积到整个生产计划所需的每个物料项目的总物理单位中。
- 确定每个物料项目应定期在手的数量,以在合理的安全边际内完成生产计划。
- 扣除预计在预算期开始时手头的材料库存,以确定要采购的总量。
- 制定采购计划,以确保在需要时有足够的数量。采购计划必须考虑诸如经济规模的订单、运输的经济性和防止延误的安全边际等因素。
- 通过标准周转率测试生成的预算库存。
- 通过将材料的预期价格应用于预算数量,将库存和采购需求转化为美元。
会计代写|会计作业代写ACCOUNTING代考|BUDGETING FOR WORK-IN-PROCESS INVENTORY
通过将标准周转率应用于预算生产,可以最好地估计库存点之间实际在生产过程中的货物库存。这可以以生产单位或美元表示,可以针对单个流程和部门或整个工厂进行计算。前者更准确。为了说明此过程,假设特定流程或部门的以下库存和生产数据:
预计 1 月份的工艺库存 1500 单位 (一种) 一月份的生产预算 1,200 单位 (二) 标准周转率(每月) 4 次 (C) 此过程中单位商品的平均价值 $10
以每月四次的标准周转率计算,平均库存应为 300 件1,200(4. 要生产 300 件的平均库存,期末库存应为 100 件:
500+1002=300
使用符号 X 表示要作为期末库存预算的数量,可以应用以下公式:
X=−2bC一种=2(1200)4−500=100 单位
会计代写|会计作业代写ACCOUNTING代考|BUDGETING FOR FINISHED GOODS INVENTORY
产成品库存预算这r米和rCH一种nd一世s和一世n吨H和C一种s和这F吨r一种d一世nGC这nC和rns必须根据销售预算。例如,如果预计在预算期内将售出 500 件商品 A,则必须确定必须保留多少件商品才能支持这样的销售计划。几乎不可能预先确定客户每天需要的确切数量。必须通过成品库存来保持一定的安全边际,以便可以进行令人满意的交付。有了这个利润,就可以制定生产或采购计划,根据需要补充库存。
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