经济代写|Theories of economic growt宏观经济学代写
经济代写
Much like our discussion of the two broad theories of output and employment, the theories of economic growth (or growth theories, in short) can also be classified into two broad categories-supply-side and demand-led theories. There exists another connection with the discussion in Section 4.2; while the supply-side growth theories are founded upon the marginalist theory of output, the demand-led growth theories take their foundations from the Keynesian theory of output. To put it very crudely, supply-side growth theories extend the (short-run) logic of the marginalist theory of output to the long run and demand-led growth theories extend the (short-run) logic of the Keynesian theory of output to the long run. Recall that the short run refers to the state of affairs when productive capacity changes or evolves. And also recall that, in the affairs when productive capacity changes or evolves. And also recall that, in the investment implied an increase in the utilisation of existing productive capacity.
Supply-side growth theories
The main workhorse of the supply-side growth theories is the aggregate production function, which expresses a functional relationship between inputs-labour (L), capital (K) and technology (A)—and output (Y), usually written as $\mathrm{Y}=\mathrm{A} \mathrm{} \mathrm{f}(\mathrm{L}, \mathrm{K})$. It is assumed that the aggregate production function exhibits constant returns to scale (CRS) and diminishing returns to the following factors of production: labour and capital. That is, the first assumption tells us that if the factor inputs are multiplied by a factor of, say, two, the output will also double. The second assumption implies that the addition to total output decreases as the doses of capital are increased (while holding the of labour are increased (when the capital input is held constant). That is, labour and capital are characterised by diminishing marginal products. Think about how (un)realistic these two assumptions are. Now, suppose that you assume increasing returns to scale (IRS) and constant returns to a factor; trace their implications separately for an aggregate production function.
A very specific theory of functional income distribution-the theory which explains how much each social class or factor of production ought to receive in return for their contribution to the economy-is embedded in the marginalist
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aggregate production function. Supply-side growth theories adopt the marginal productivity theory of income distribution, which states that under conditions of perfect competition, equilibrium wage equals the marginal product of labour and equilibrium rate of profit equals the marginal product of capital. Moreover, at the equilibrium wage, there is full employment of labour.
Supply-side growth theories are inspired by the marginalist theory of exchange (wherein the factor endowments are given). This has significant conceptual (and therefore practical) implications because the idea of scarcity is built into the theoretical edifice of supply-side growth theories, and, consequently, an exogenous growth in technology (A) and primary inputs (notably, labour) are what generate economic growth. Another concept which accentuates the ‘scarcity’ in these theories is the assumption of diminishing to the total output diminishes. This is perhaps the key reason why in the Solow growth model (1956), the foundational model within the supply-side growth theories, a growth in capital (assumed equivalent to saving) cannot permanently influence the growth rate of the economy.
The Solow growth model and other supply-side growth models extensively employ the aggregate production function of the Cobb-Douglas variety that exhibit diminishing returns to capital and constant returns to scale. Moreover, in the Solow growth model, given its marginalist foundations, unsurprisingly, there is full employment of labour at the steady state ‘equilibrium’- $-\mathrm{a}$ conception wherein capital and labour are growing at the same constant rate. Fur thermore, since there is only one commodily in the Solow grow th model, the important question of how decentralised decisions to save and invest are coordinated in a monetary production economy. Think about whether and how aggregate demand deficiency plays a role in the Soluw model.
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Much like our discussion of the two broad theories of output and employment, the theories of economic growth (or growth theories, in short) can also be classified into two broad categories-supply-side and demand-led theories. There exists another connection with the discussion in Section 4.2; while the supply-side growth theories are founded upon the marginalist theory of output, the demand-led growth theories take their foundations from the Keynesian theory of output. To put it very crudely, supply-side growth theories extend the (short-run) logic of the marginalist theory of output to the long run and demand-led growth theories extend the (short-run) logic of the Keynesian theory of output to the long run. Recall that the short run refers to the state of affairs when productive capacity changes or evolves. And also recall that, in the affairs when productive capacity changes or evolves. And also recall that, in the investment implied an increase in the utilisation of existing productive capacity.
Supply-side growth theories
The main workhorse of the supply-side growth theories is the aggregate production function, which expresses a functional relationship between inputs-labour (L), capital (K) and technology (A)—and output (Y), usually written as $\mathrm{Y}=\mathrm{A} \mathrm{} \mathrm{f}(\mathrm{L}, \mathrm{K})$. It is assumed that the aggregate production function exhibits constant returns to scale (CRS) and diminishing returns to the following factors of production: labour and capital. That is, the first assumption tells us that if the factor inputs are multiplied by a factor of, say, two, the output will also double. The second assumption implies that the addition to total output decreases as the doses of capital are increased (while holding the of labour are increased (when the capital input is held constant). That is, labour and capital are characterised by diminishing marginal products. Think about how (un)realistic these two assumptions are. Now, suppose that you assume increasing returns to scale (IRS) and constant returns to a factor; trace their implications separately for an aggregate production function.
A very specific theory of functional income distribution-the theory which explains how much each social class or factor of production ought to receive in return for their contribution to the economy-is embedded in the marginalist
92
ECONOMIC GROWTH
aggregate production function. Supply-side growth theories adopt the marginal productivity theory of income distribution, which states that under conditions of perfect competition, equilibrium wage equals the marginal product of labour and equilibrium rate of profit equals the marginal product of capital. Moreover, at the equilibrium wage, there is full employment of labour.
Supply-side growth theories are inspired by the marginalist theory of exchange (wherein the factor endowments are given). This has significant conceptual (and therefore practical) implications because the idea of scarcity is built into the theoretical edifice of supply-side growth theories, and, consequently, an exogenous growth in technology (A) and primary inputs (notably, labour) are what generate economic growth. Another concept which accentuates the ‘scarcity’ in these theories is the assumption of diminishing to the total output diminishes. This is perhaps the key reason why in the Solow growth model (1956), the foundational model within the supply-side growth theories, a growth in capital (assumed equivalent to saving) cannot permanently influence the growth rate of the economy.
The Solow growth model and other supply-side growth models extensively employ the aggregate production function of the Cobb-Douglas variety that exhibit diminishing returns to capital and constant returns to scale. Moreover, in the Solow growth model, given its marginalist foundations, unsurprisingly, there is full employment of labour at the steady state ‘equilibrium’- $-\mathrm{a}$ conception wherein capital and labour are growing at the same constant rate. Fur thermore, since there is only one commodily in the Solow grow th model, the important question of how decentralised decisions to save and invest are coordinated in a monetary production economy. Think about whether and how aggregate demand deficiency plays a role in the Soluw model.
经济代考
宏观经济学，是以国民经济总过程的活动为研究对象，主要考察就业总水平、国民总收入等经济总量，因此，宏观经济学也被称做就业理论或收入理论。 宏观经济学研究的是经济资源的利用问题，包括国民收入决定理论、就业理论、通货膨胀理论、经济周期理论、经济增长理论、财政与货币政策。
其他相关科目课程代写：组合学Combinatorics集合论Set Theory概率论Probability组合生物学Combinatorial Biology组合化学Combinatorial Chemistry组合数据分析Combinatorial Data Analysis
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宏观经济学是经济学的一个分支，它研究的是一个整体经济，即市场或其他大规模运作的系统是如何运作的。宏观经济学研究经济范围内的现象，如通货膨胀价格水平经济增长，国民收入，国内生产总值，以及失业 .
计量经济学代考
计量经济学是以一定的经济理论和统计资料为基础，运用数学、统计学方法与电脑技术，以建立经济计量模型为主要手段，定量分析研究具有随机性特性的经济变量关系的一门经济学学科。 主要内容包括理论计量经济学和应用经济计量学。 理论经济计量学主要研究如何运用、改造和发展数理统计的方法，使之成为经济关系测定的特殊方法。
相对论代考
相对论（英語：Theory of relativity）是关于时空和引力的理论，主要由愛因斯坦创立，依其研究对象的不同可分为狭义相对论和广义相对论。 相对论和量子力学的提出给物理学带来了革命性的变化，它们共同奠定了现代物理学的基础。
编码理论代写
编码理论（英语：Coding theory）是研究编码的性质以及它们在具体应用中的性能的理论。编码用于数据压缩、加密、纠错，最近也用于网络编码中。不同学科（如信息论、电机工程学、数学、语言学以及计算机科学）都研究编码是为了设计出高效、可靠的数据传输方法。这通常需要去除冗余并校正（或检测）数据传输中的错误。
编码共分四类：[1]
数据压缩和前向错误更正可以一起考虑。
复分析代考
学习易分析也已经很冬年了，七七八人的也续了圧少的书籍和论文。略作总结工作，方便后来人学 Đ参考。
复分析是一门历史悠久的学科，主要是研究解析函数，亚纯函数在复球面的性质。下面一昭这 些基本内容。
(1) 提到复变函数 ，首先需要了解复数的基本性左和四则运算规则。怎么样计算复数的平方根， 极坐标与 $x y$ 坐标的转换，复数的模之类的。这些在高中的时候囸本上都会学过。
(2) 复变函数自然是在复平面上来研究问题，此时数学分析里面的求导数之尖的运算就会很自然的 引入到复平面里面，从而引出解析函数的定义。那/研究解析函数的性贡就是关楗所在。最关键的 地方就是所谓的Cauchy一Riemann公式，这个是判断一个函数是否是解析函数的关键所在。
(3) 明白解析函数的定义以及性质之后，就会把数学分析里面的曲线积分 $a$ 的概念引入复分析中， 定义几乎是一致的。在引入了闭曲线和曲线积分之后，就会有出现复分析中的重要的定理: Cauchy 积分公式。 这个是易分析的第一个重要定理。
