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# 信号代写|数字信号处理作业代写digital signal process代考|DA Converters

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## 信号代写|数字信号处理作业代写digital signal process代考|Specifications

The definitions of resolution, total harmonic distortion (THD) and total harmonic distortion plus noise $(\mathrm{THD}+\mathrm{N})$ correspond to those for $\mathrm{AD}$ converters. Further specifications are discussed in the following.

Settling Time. The time interval between transferring a binary word and achieving the analog output value within a specific error range is called the settling time $t_{S E}$. The settling time determines the maximum conversion frequency $f_{S_{\max }}=1 / t_{S E}$. Within this time, glitches between consecutive amplitude values can occur (see Fig. 3.38). With the help of a sample-and-hold circuit (deglitcher), the output voltage of the DA converter is sampled after the settling time and held.

## 信号代写|数字信号处理作业代写digital signal process代考|Switched Voltage and Current Sources

Switched Voltage Sources. The DA conversion with switched voltage sources shown in Fig. 3.43a is carried out with a reference voltage connected to a resistor network. The resistor network consists of $2^{w}$ resistors of equal resistance and is switched in stages to a binary-controlled decoder so that, at the output, a voltage $U_{2}$ is present corresponding to the input code. Figure $3.43 \mathrm{~b}$ shows the decoder for a 3-bit input code 101 .

Switched Current Sources. DA conversion with $2^{w}$ switched current sources is shown in Fig. 3.44. The decoder switches the corresponding number of current sources onto the current-voltage converter. The advantage of both techniques is the monotonicity which is guaranteed for ideal switches but also for slightly deviating resistances. The large number of resistors in switched current sources or the large number of switched current sources causes problems for long word-lengths. The techniques are used in combination with other methods for DA conversion of higher significant bits.

## 信号代写|数字信号处理作业代写digital signal process代考|Weighted Resistors and Capacitors

A reduction in the number of identical resistors or current sources is achieved with the following method.

Weighted Resistors. DA conversion with $w$ switched current sources which are weighted according to
$$I_{1}=2 I_{2}=4 I_{3}=\cdots=2^{w-1} I_{w}$$
is shown in Fig. 3.45. The output voltage is
$$U_{2}=-R \cdot I=-R \cdot\left(b_{1} I_{1} 2^{0}+b_{2} I_{2} 2^{1}+b_{3} I_{3} 2^{2}+\cdots+b_{w} I_{w} 2^{w-1}\right)$$
where $b_{n}$ takes values 0 or 1 . The implementation of DA conversion with switched current sources is carried out with weighted resistors as shown in Fig. 3.46. The output voltage is
\begin{aligned} U_{2} &=R \cdot I=R\left(\frac{b_{1}}{2 R}+\frac{b_{2}}{4 R}+\frac{b_{4}}{8 R}+\cdots+\frac{b_{w}}{2^{w} R}\right) U_{R} \ &=\left(b_{1} 2^{-1}+b_{2} 2^{-2}+b_{3} 2^{-3}+\cdots+b_{w} 2^{-w}\right) U_{R} \end{aligned}