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经济代写|微观经济学代考Microeconomics代写|Economic Systems

如果你也在 怎样代写微观经济学Microeconomics 这个学科遇到相关的难题,请随时右上角联系我们的24/7代写客服。微观经济学Microeconomics是主流经济学的一个分支,研究个人和公司在做出有关稀缺资源分配的决策时的行为以及这些个人和公司之间的互动。微观经济学侧重于研究单个市场、部门或行业,而不是宏观经济学所研究的整个国民经济。

微观经济学Microeconomic的一个目标是分析在商品和服务之间建立相对价格的市场机制,并在各种用途之间分配有限资源。微观经济学显示了自由市场导致理想分配的条件。它还分析了市场失灵,即市场未能产生有效的结果。微观经济学关注公司和个人,而宏观经济学则关注经济活动的总和,处理增长、通货膨胀和失业问题以及与这些问题有关的国家政策。微观经济学还处理经济政策(如改变税收水平)对微观经济行为的影响,从而对经济的上述方面产生影响。

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经济代写|微观经济学代考Microeconomics代写|Economic Systems

经济代写|微观经济学代考Microeconomics代写|Economic Systems

The U.S. economy is a market economy-an economic system based on private property and the market in which, in principle, individuals decide how, what, and for whom to produce. In a market economy, individuals follow their own selfinterest, while market forces of supply and demand are relied on to coordinate those individual pursuits. Businesses, guided by prices in the market, produce goods and services that they believe people want and that will earn a profit for the business. Prices in the market guide businesses in deciding what to produce. Distribution of goods is to each individual according to his or her ability, effort, inherited property, and luck.
Reliance on market forces doesn’t mean that political, social, and historical forces play no role in coordinating economic decisions. These other forces do influence how the market works. For example, for a market to exist, government must allocate and defend private property rights – the control a private individual or firm has over an asset. The concept of private ownership must exist and must be accepted by individuals in society. When you say “This car is mine,” you mean that it is unlawful for someone else to take it without your permission. If someone takes it without your permission, he or she is subject to punishment through the legal system.
How Markets Work
Markets work through a system of rewards and payments. If you do something, you get paid for doing that something; if you take something, you pay for that something. How much you get is determined by how much you give. This relationship seems fair to most people. But there are instances when it doesn’t seem fair. Say someone is unable to work. Should that person get nothing? How about Joe down the street, who was given $\$ 10$ million by his parents? Is it fair that he gets lots of toys, like Corvettes and skiing trips to Aspen, and doesn’t have to work, while the rest of us have to work 40 hours a week and maybe go to school at night?
I’ll put those questions about fairness off at this point – they are very difficult questions. For now, all I want to present is the concept of fairness that underlies a market economy: “Them that works, gets; them that don’t, starve..” In a market economy, individuals are encouraged to follow their own self-interest.
In market economies, individuals are free to do whatever they want as long as it’s legal. The market is relied on to see that what people want to get, and want to do, is consistent with what’s available. Price is the mechanism through which people’s desires are coordinated and goods are rationed. If there’s not enough of something to go around, its price goes up; if more of something needs to get done, the price given to individuals willing to do it goes up. If something isn’t wanted or doesn’t need to be done, its price goes down. In a market economy, fluctuations in prices play a central role in coordinating individuals’ wants.

经济代写|微观经济学代考Microeconomics代写|What’s Good about the Market?

Is the market a good way to coordinate individuals’ activities? Much of this book will be devoted to answering that question. The answer that I, and most U.S. economists, come to is: Yes, it is a reasonable way. True, it has problems; the market can be unfair, mean, and arbitrary, and sometimes it is downright awful. Why then do economists support it? For the same reason that Oliver Wendell Holmes supported democracy — it is a lousy system, but, based on experience with alternatives, it is better than all the others we’ve thought of.
The primary debate among economists is not about using markets; it is about how markets should be structured, and whether they should be modified and adjusted by government regulation. Those are much harder questions, and on these questions, opinions differ enormously.
Capitalism and Socialism
The view that markets are a reasonable way to organize society has not always been shared by all economists. Throughout history strong philosophical and practical arguments have been made against markets. The philosophical argument against the market is that it brings out the worst in people-it glorifies greed. It encourages people to beat out others rather than to be cooperative. As an alternative some economists have supported socialism. In theory, socialism is an economic system based on individuals goodwill toward others, not on their own self-interest, and in which, in principle, society decides what, how, and for whom to produce. The concept of socialism developed in the 1800 s as a description of a hypothetical economic system to be contrasted with the predominant market-based economic system of the time, which was called capitalism. Capitalism is defined as an economic system based on the market in which the ownership of the means of production resides with a small group of individuals called capitalists.
You can best understand the idea behind theoretical socialism by thinking about how decisions are made in a family. In most families, benevolent parents decide who gets what, based on the needs of each member of the family. When Sabin gets a new coat and his sister Sally doesn’t, it’s because Sabin needs a coat while Sally already has two coats that fit her and are in good condition. Victor may be slow as molasses, but from his family he still gets as much as his superefficient brother Jerry gets. In fact, Victor may get more than Jerry because he needs extra help.
Markets have little role in most families. In my family, when food is placed on the table, we don’t bid on what we want, with the highest bidder getting the food. In my family, every person can eat all he or she wants, although if one child eats more than a fair share, that child gets a lecture from me on the importance of sharing. “Be thoughtful; be considerate. Think of others first” are lessons that many families try to teach.

经济代写|微观经济学代考Microeconomics代写|Economic Systems

微观经济学代写

经济代写|微观经济学代考Microeconomics代写|Economic Systems

美国经济是一种市场经济——一种建立在私有财产和市场基础上的经济体系,原则上,个人决定如何生产、生产什么以及为谁生产。在市场经济中,个人遵循自己的利益,而依靠市场的供给和需求力量来协调个人的追求。企业在市场价格的引导下,生产他们认为人们需要的商品和服务,从而为企业赚取利润。市场价格指导企业决定生产什么。商品的分配是根据每个人的能力、努力、继承财产和运气来进行的。对市场力量的依赖并不意味着政治、社会和历史力量在协调经济决策中不起作用。这些其他力量确实影响着市场的运作方式。例如,为了市场的存在,政府必须分配和保护私有产权——私人个人或公司对资产的控制权。私有制的概念必须存在,必须为社会中的个人所接受。当你说“这辆车是我的”时,你的意思是别人未经你的允许开走它是违法的。如果有人未经你的允许就拿走了,他或她将受到法律制度的惩罚。
市场是如何运作的
市场是通过奖励和支付系统运作的。如果你做了某件事,你就会因此得到报酬;如果你拿了什么,你就得为此付出代价。你得到多少,取决于你付出多少。这种关系对大多数人来说似乎是公平的。但在某些情况下,这似乎并不公平。比如说某人无法工作。那个人应该什么都得不到吗?那住在街上的乔呢,他的父母给了他一千万美元?他有很多玩具,比如科尔维特,去阿斯彭滑雪旅行,而且不用工作,而我们其他人每周要工作40个小时,晚上可能还要上学,这公平吗?我暂时把关于公平的问题放在一边——它们是非常难回答的问题。现在,我想提出的只是市场经济基础上的公平概念:“谁工作,谁就得到;不这样做的,就要挨饿……”在市场经济中,鼓励个人遵循自己的利益。在市场经济中,只要是合法的,个人可以自由地做任何他们想做的事。依靠市场来判断人们想要得到什么,想要做什么,与现有的产品是一致的。价格是协调人们的欲望和分配商品的机制。如果没有足够的商品流通,价格就会上涨;如果需要做更多的事情,那么给愿意做这件事的个人的价格就会上涨。如果某件事不想做或不需要做,它的价格就会下降。在市场经济中,价格波动在协调个人需求方面起着中心作用。

经济代写|微观经济学代考Microeconomics代写|What’s Good about the Market?

市场是协调个人活动的好方法吗?本书的大部分内容将致力于回答这个问题。我和大多数美国经济学家得出的答案是:是的,这是一种合理的方式。没错,它有问题;市场可能是不公平的、卑鄙的、武断的,有时甚至是彻头彻尾的可怕。那么,为什么经济学家会支持它呢?出于与奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯支持民主同样的原因——这是一个糟糕的制度,但根据其他选择的经验,它比我们所想到的所有其他制度都要好。
经济学家之间的主要争论不是关于利用市场;它是关于市场应该如何构建,以及市场是否应该由政府监管来修改和调整。这些都是更难的问题,在这些问题上,意见分歧很大。
资本主义和社会主义
并非所有经济学家都认同市场是组织社会的一种合理方式这一观点。纵观历史,反对市场的哲学和实践论点都很有力。反对市场的哲学论点是,它使人的最坏的一面显露出来——它美化了贪婪。它鼓励人们打败别人,而不是合作。作为替代方案,一些经济学家支持社会主义。从理论上讲,社会主义是一种基于个人对他人的善意,而不是基于个人自身利益的经济制度,原则上,社会决定生产什么、如何生产以及为谁生产。社会主义的概念是在19世纪发展起来的,它描述了一种假想的经济制度,与当时占主导地位的市场经济制度(即资本主义)形成对比。资本主义被定义为一种以市场为基础的经济制度,在这种制度下,生产资料的所有权掌握在一小群被称为资本家的个人手中。
你可以通过思考如何在家庭中做出决定来最好地理解理论社会主义背后的思想。在大多数家庭中,仁慈的父母根据每个家庭成员的需要来决定谁得到什么。当Sabin得到一件新外套而他的妹妹Sally没有时,这是因为Sabin需要一件外套,而Sally已经有两件适合她的外套,而且状况良好。维克多也许迟钝得像糖蜜,但从他的家庭里,他得到的和他那超级高效的哥哥杰里得到的一样多。事实上,维克多可能会比杰瑞得到更多,因为他需要额外的帮助。
市场在大多数家庭中几乎没有什么作用。在我家,当食物摆在桌子上时,我们不会对我们想要的东西出价,出价最高的人得到食物。在我的家庭里,每个人都可以吃他或她想要的,尽管如果一个孩子吃的比公平的份额多,那个孩子会得到我关于分享的重要性的教训。“是深思熟虑的;体贴。“先为他人着想”是许多家庭试图教导的课程。

经济代写|微观经济学代考Microeconomics代写

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微观经济学代写

微观经济学是主流经济学的一个分支,研究个人和企业在做出有关稀缺资源分配的决策时的行为以及这些个人和企业之间的相互作用。my-assignmentexpert™ 为您的留学生涯保驾护航 在数学Mathematics作业代写方面已经树立了自己的口碑, 保证靠谱, 高质且原创的数学Mathematics代写服务。我们的专家在图论代写Graph Theory代写方面经验极为丰富,各种图论代写Graph Theory相关的作业也就用不着 说。

线性代数代写

线性代数是数学的一个分支,涉及线性方程,如:线性图,如:以及它们在向量空间和通过矩阵的表示。线性代数是几乎所有数学领域的核心。

博弈论代写

现代博弈论始于约翰-冯-诺伊曼(John von Neumann)提出的两人零和博弈中的混合策略均衡的观点及其证明。冯-诺依曼的原始证明使用了关于连续映射到紧凑凸集的布劳威尔定点定理,这成为博弈论和数学经济学的标准方法。在他的论文之后,1944年,他与奥斯卡-莫根斯特恩(Oskar Morgenstern)共同撰写了《游戏和经济行为理论》一书,该书考虑了几个参与者的合作游戏。这本书的第二版提供了预期效用的公理理论,使数理统计学家和经济学家能够处理不确定性下的决策。

微积分代写

微积分,最初被称为无穷小微积分或 “无穷小的微积分”,是对连续变化的数学研究,就像几何学是对形状的研究,而代数是对算术运算的概括研究一样。

它有两个主要分支,微分和积分;微分涉及瞬时变化率和曲线的斜率,而积分涉及数量的累积,以及曲线下或曲线之间的面积。这两个分支通过微积分的基本定理相互联系,它们利用了无限序列和无限级数收敛到一个明确定义的极限的基本概念 。

计量经济学代写

什么是计量经济学?
计量经济学是统计学和数学模型的定量应用,使用数据来发展理论或测试经济学中的现有假设,并根据历史数据预测未来趋势。它对现实世界的数据进行统计试验,然后将结果与被测试的理论进行比较和对比。

根据你是对测试现有理论感兴趣,还是对利用现有数据在这些观察的基础上提出新的假设感兴趣,计量经济学可以细分为两大类:理论和应用。那些经常从事这种实践的人通常被称为计量经济学家。

Matlab代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中,其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括:数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发,包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统,其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题,尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题,而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问,这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展,得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中,它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域,MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要,工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数(M 文件)的综合集合,可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。

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